Turbulence at Confluence Point
A zone of a basic form (blue) of an pH indicator is merged with a stream of acid turning yellow at a confluence point. Observe the confluence point, where the acid stream impacts the zone of the injected indicator, creating local turbulence in a radial direction causing an instant mixing of passing sample zone with reagent. Note the inner diameter of the tubing ( 2.5mm ) used here for the purpose of visibility is much larger then tubing used in FI system (0.8mm I.D.) where the radial mass transfer will be even more efficient.
1.2.17.
